Deciphering Europe's Multicultural Quandary

European nations can seek inspiration from India, which has successfully upheld harmonious coexistence of diverse faiths and cultures despite challenges

In the midst of debates over the compatibility of Shariah-compliant principles with the foundational values of the European Union, it is imperative that we delve deeper into the complexities of this issue. The question that arises is whether religion and culture can truly be treated as interchangeable entities. Religion, after all, constitutes a set of principles rooted in faith, guiding individuals' lives and providing a moral compass. Culture, on the other hand, largely evolves from social interactions and traditions specific to a region or community. While there can be overlap between the two, they are distinct facets of human society. Distinguishing Religion from CultureReligion, as many scholars and religious leaders affirm, is deeply rooted in faith and spirituality. It offers a guiding framework for individuals, shaping their moral values and ethical choices. This distinction is supported by numerous surveys conducted across Europe, which consistently demonstrate the enduring significance of religious beliefs. In recent years, a Eurobarometer survey in 2021 revealed that a substantial percentage of the European population identifies with various religious affiliations, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and others. In contrast, culture is a dynamic product of social interactions, traditions, and customs that evolve over time. It plays a significant role in shaping societal norms and behaviours. Ethnographic research conducted in various European nations underscores the influence of culture on practices and traditions, further highlighting the distinction between religion and culture. The Challenge of Multiculturalism in EuropeToday, Europe grapples with the challenge of accommodating diverse cultures within Western society. This challenge is supported by empirical data reflecting the complexities of cultural diversity. Reports from the European Social Survey and other sources shed light on ongoing debates surrounding immigration policies, social integration, and the preservation of national identities. These debates underscore the need for a thoughtful and inclusive approach to multiculturalism. Moreover, the very foundations of modern European civilization, rooted in multicultural and liberal values, are facing significant challenges in countries such as Italy, France, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Hungary, and others. These observations are substantiated by concrete evidence, including electoral trends and political discourse that indicate the rise of nationalist and anti-immigrant sentiments in several European nations. Drawing Lessons from IndiaIn search of potential solutions, European nations might find inspiration in Asian countries, many of which serve as a compelling model for the harmonious coexistence of diverse faiths and cultures. For instance, nations like India and Indonesia managed to maintain a functional multi-faith and multicultural society despite political upheavals and challenges. Consequently, for centuries, India has been has been a multi-faith society where Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, Buddhism, and Jainism have peacefully coexisted. Though, some worrisome incidents have occurred in recent times. Challenges and the Path ForwardIt is crucial to acknowledge that multi-faith societies come with their own set of challenges. The evolving global landscape casts shadows on the life of nations, and diversity, while a reality, requires ongoing efforts to foster amity and understanding among diverse communities. Initiatives promoting interfaith dialogue, cooperation, and cultural exchange are essential steps toward peaceful coexistence. The intricate relationship between religion, culture, and multiculturalism in contemporary Europe calls for a nuanced and comprehensive approach. The lessons learned from diverse societies serve as valuable guides, emphasizing the potential for peaceful integration and understanding in a world marked by diversity. With the right measures and inclusive policies, Europe can navigate the complexities of its multicultural landscape while upholding its core values of unity and diversity.

Iranian Diplomat Enchanted by India's Diverse Splendour

An Iranian cultural diplomat recalls his years in India, and how the country bewitched him.

I carry the sweetest of memories of my stay in India, a country that has always been a land of wonders for me. I always wanted India to be the country that I would visit first but sadly that didn’t happen. It was maybe the 10th country I visited, but luckily it was the first country where I stayed in for five long years, from 2018 to 2023. My workplace and house in India were both in New Delhi, where Iran Culture House is located, near the Supreme Court. At first glance, the abundance of trees in the city earned my admiration. I have this pleasant impression that Delhi, despite its much talked about pollution, is a green city. Acceptance of Diversity&nbsp;The most fascinating thing to us (my family) from the very beginning was the warmth, kindness and hospitality of Indians. Both strangers and our acquaintances showered hospitality on us and were warm in their interactions. I learnt that the most important characteristic of Indian people is their acceptance of diversity, be it of religion, ethnicity, language, appearance, political and social customs. Another noteworthy trait of Indian people is their respect for nature. They love nature and value all creations, including animals and plants. They consider the environment as an important part of their lives, and treat it with utmost respect. Similarly, another remarkable thing we noticed in Indians was their tranquil nature and the quality of staying calm even in perturbing moments. We felt that they not only accept people, but also accept different aspects of life like hardships, challenges, joys and sorrows with a stoic serenity. Panegyric on IndiaAfter returning from India in 2023 at a meeting held at the National Library of Iran, I deliberated on relations between Iran and India and recounted my 5-year stay. I expressed most of my heart-felt impressions of India in the form of a poem. It was warmly received. The poem comprises 120 verses, and it embodies various references to history, culture, economy, politics, and sociology of the great and ancient country of India. I am hopeful that this poem will be someday translated into Hindi or Urdu for the benefit of Indian listeners and poetry connoisseurs. Here are some translated verses:&nbsp;Relations between Iran and India have existed for thousands of years,Because there stands between them firm bridge of kindness &amp; loyalty&nbsp;The love of India has always been in the heart of Iran,&nbsp;and similarly India has always carried love for Persia&nbsp;In the tumult of history, you (India) have always relied on me,&nbsp;and you have always stood behind me in my time of distress&nbsp;In celebrations such as Nowruz, Fire Festival, Colors Festival (Holi), and Yalda Festival,&nbsp;We spread perfume, flowers and colours on each other and exchange gifts&nbsp;What can I say about your Ramayana and Mahabharata?Gems-pouring epics whose fame has risen to the sky&nbsp;O India! You created so many pleasant Persian poems&nbsp;In the Indian style which is very tender and expressive&nbsp;The Farsi Connection&nbsp;The Persian language is one of the pivotal connecting dots between Iran and India. The common root of Indian and Iranian languages – especially that of Sanskrit and Pahlavi – shows the deep historical relations between these two lands. Farsi, which is one of the most effective contemporary languages with a rich literary history, witnessed an extensive flourish in India. The acceptance of Persian language by Indians flowered into thousands of books written on a myriad of subjects, most notably in the fields of medicine, astronomy, religious sciences, literature, history and geography of India. In fact, it was Persian that helped Iranians to understand brilliant ideas of Indian philosophy, and other fields of knowledge. Besides Farsi, Iran and India share common heritage of culture, architecture, poetry, philosophy and mythology. This common heritage has been manifested in various forms in both the countries. As an outstanding example, in poet-philosopher Ferdowsi’s epic Shahnameh, many heroes share a similarity with the heroes of Mahabharata. First Country to Start Cultural Mission in India&nbsp;Iran was the first country to start a formal cultural mission in India. Iran Culture House was the first culture house of any foreign country in New Delhi that was established after India’s independence. It has been very dynamic from the very beginning, and many useful achievements have been the result of the center’s 80-year efforts. To cite an example, Qand-e-Parsi magazine, which is published by the Persian Research Center, Iran Culture House, is the most coveted Persian language magazine outside of Iran. It has been in publication continuously for nearly 40 years.&nbsp; The Iranian Culture House is serving as the nerve center of forging cultural and literary ties among various institutions of the two countries. The Quest for World Peace&nbsp;Recently, Iran became a part of the BRICS grouping. India’s support for it is a matter of gaiety for Iranians. Although I am not an expert in the political and economic domain, I deeply believe that Iran and India, as two important countries of Asia, have the ability to meet each other’s different needs, and complement each other’s progress and development without dependence on the West. What is most needed here is the self-belief and self-confidence required of the eastern countries in relying on each other. The West, for obvious reasons, will fulminate over this partnership, but we have to move ahead. Undoubtedly, the victory of us, the Easterners, is in greater solidarity and cooperation. With elongated mutual cooperation, Iran and India can also play an effective role in mitigating global conflicts, especially by using the culture of peace and tolerance which is deep-rooted in values of these two countries. The literature of both these countries and their diplomatic pursuits are based on ethical conduct and permanent quest for peace. Remember one stark fact from history that these two countries have never initiated any war. Thus, they are perfectly suited to propose the initiation of peace. Beliefs and practices of the respected Indian leader, Mahatma Gandhi, are the best guide to usher in this noble endeavour. The Persian literature brims with couplets that take this cause with fervent passion, as is reflected in these lines of Sheikh Saadi Shirazi, the legendary Iranian sufi poet:&nbsp; Human beings are members of a whole,In creation of one essence and soul If one member is afflicted with pain,Other members uneasy will remain If you have no sympathy for human painThe name of human you cannot retain&nbsp;‘Iranian Support’ for India’s UNSC BidAs I mentioned before, I am by no means a political expert, but I know that in international relations, the foundation is based on reciprocity, regardless of the antecedents and roots of cooperation. Naturally, to the extent that India supports Iran in international and regional issues, it will have the support of the Iranian government and people (in New Delhi’s bid for a permanent seat at the UNSC).&nbsp;&nbsp;Lessons In Sanskrit, Hindi in IranMy advice to the cultural officials and diplomats of the two countries is to take the common cultural axis of these two countries, which is the Persian language, more seriously. Just as the Indian government supports 140 Persian language teaching groups in Indian universities, and also as the Indian Parliament recognised and acknowledged Persian as one of the classical languages of India in 2020, it is necessary to create seats for teaching Sanskrit and Hindi in Iran. It will help create more ground for communication between Iranian and Indian universities. The teachings of the Persian language, especially the literature of the Indian style, indicate that Iranian and Indian thinkers have written the best verses in this language to invite the people of the world to peace, friendship, tranquillity, kindness, and respect for each other. To emphasise my point, I quote classical Indian poet Abdul Qadir Bedil Dehlavi:&nbsp;O Bedil! The difference in temperament is in the appearance of their clothes, otherwise&nbsp;If we look carefully, the blood in the veins of the peacock and the crow is of same color.

India's Secret to Harmony Unveiled!

Discover how India's ancient philosophy of coexistence offers a blueprint for Western diversity and inclusion strategies.

In a world grappling with the challenges of diversity and inclusion, the rich composite culture of India offers invaluable lessons. Born in Allahabad, I have always been fascinated by how four prominent religions—Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, and Christianity—have found a harmonious home in India. This remarkable adjustment is grounded in the Indian philosophy of all-inclusiveness, with seva (service), shanti (peace or harmony), and ahimsa (non-violence) as its core principles. Such a novel and practicable approach has not only shaped the subcontinent but also has the potential to guide Western societies in their social engineering efforts to address issues of diversity and inclusion. The recent remark by Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni that "Islam is incompatible with Europe" underscores a lack of understanding of Europe's own pluralist identity and the broader principles of inter-faith coexistence, as exemplified by India. Europe's history is replete with examples of a robust pluralist identity, contrary to the assumptions of those affiliated with the political right. Roger II of Sicily and Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire were monarchs who embraced the contributions of Muslims, showcasing the intertwined nature of European and Islamic civilizations. The Cappella Palatina in Palermo and the influence of the Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes) on European thought are testaments to this rich, shared heritage. In addition, the story of Abbas Ibn Firnas, who experimented with human flight in Cordoba 600 years before Leonardo da Vinci, highlights the profound impact of Muslim scholars on European scientific advancement. Yet, it is India's enduring tradition of asceticism and mysticism, exemplified by the widespread following of Sufism and the dictum suleh-e-kul (peace with all), that provides a timeless model for interfaith understanding and coexistence. This Indian way of life, celebrating diversity and fostering a spirit of inclusivity, offers critical insights for Western countries as they navigate the complexities of social diversity and strive for a more inclusive society. The vitality of intellectual and spiritual life in Europe, as in India, stems from the compatibility and mutual enrichment among followers of different faiths and beliefs. It is imperative for leaders and policymakers in the West to recognize and embrace the lessons of history, both European and Indian, in fostering a society where pluralism and coexistence are not just tolerated but celebrated. As someone who has dedicated his scholarship to exploring the intersections of Islam, history, civilizations, and interfaith relations, I urge figures like Ms. Meloni to delve deeper into their own history and the examples set by other cultures. My documentary, "Journey into Europe," and my academic work aim to illuminate these paths of mutual understanding and peace. The fear that stems from being ill-informed can only be dispelled by a sincere engagement with our shared human heritage and a commitment to the principles of coexistence and mutual respect that have enriched civilizations across the globe.

India's Unity Secret Could Be Australia's Game Changer!

Discover how Oz can learn from India's mastery of diversity, uniting cultures, religions, and languages Down Under!

Throughout my years in Australia, I've been particularly drawn to observing the interplay between various faiths and cultures, a fascination that's offered me profound insights into the dynamics of cultural integration and identity. Australia, with its unique positioning between European and Australasian identities, serves as a fascinating backdrop for these observations, highlighting the complexities of cultural and religious coexistence. However, it's through the lens of India's approach to managing diversity that one can truly appreciate the art of fostering a multicultural society. Unlike Australia, where misunderstandings about Eastern religions have sometimes led to a sense of 'othering,' India's historical tapestry is woven with the threads of myriad cultures, religions, and languages, creating a vibrant mosaic of coexistence. India's model of diversity management is not without its challenges, including the issues in Kashmir and occasional tensions between communities. Yet, the country's constitutional democracy lays a solid foundation for rights and freedoms, allowing for a relatively peaceful cohabitation of diverse groups. The presence of Muslims in high-profile roles across various sectors, including Bollywood and politics, contradicts the narrative of widespread discrimination and underscores the nation's commitment to inclusivity. Reflecting on personal experiences, I'm reminded of an opportunity I once had to study at Aligarh Muslim University in India, thanks to a scholarship offered by an Indian business family. This gesture itself is a testament to the Indian ethos of embracing and nurturing diversity. The regret of not accepting this offer stays with me, especially when considering the success of a friend who took the opportunity and has since made significant academic contributions in Europe. India's engagement with its diverse populace goes beyond mere tolerance to actively celebrating the multifaceted nature of its society. Cultural events, interfaith dialogues, and academic collaborations are commonplace, fostering a sense of unity in diversity that many countries strive to achieve. Moreover, the country's role on the global stage is increasingly significant, with its vibrant democracy and economic growth attracting international interest. The deep cultural ties and mutual respect between India and Bosnia point to the potential for further collaboration and mutual learning. Bosnia maintains an embassy in Delhi to deepen bilateral relations, while India's ambassador in Budapest is also accredited to Bosnia.&nbsp; In conclusion, India's management of its diverse society offers valuable lessons for the world, showcasing the power of inclusive governance, respect for all cultures, and the importance of embracing diversity as a strength. The journey of understanding and appreciating this diversity is not just about acknowledging the challenges but also celebrating the successes and the vibrant life that flourishes within this framework. It's a reminder that, in the face of growing global divisiveness, the path to harmony lies in recognizing and cherishing our shared humanity.

Lessons in Diversity for Europe

India's rich diversity offers key lessons for Europe's cultural challenges

As Europe grapples with the challenges of cultural and religious diversity, particularly in light of recent political developments and immigration debates, it can look towards countries like India for insights into managing a diverse society. Giorgia Meloni, Italy's first female Prime Minister, has sparked discussion with her policies and views, which some compare to the rhetoric of historic figures like Benito Mussolini. Her stance on issues like immigration and cultural identity, resonating with the perspectives of leaders like British PM Rishi Sunak and Dutch Prime Minister Geert Wilders, reflects a broader European struggle with diversity. However, India's experience offers a different perspective. India’s history of religious and cultural coexistence, as exemplified by the unique orientation of the Juni Masjid or Barwada Masjid on the northern edge of the ancient port town of Ghogha, on the Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat. This mosque is oriented towards Jerusalem, showcasing a deep-rooted tradition of pluralism. India’s pluralism is further strenghtened by the constitutional guarantees of religious freedom, ensuring that different faiths not only coexist but also thrive. The success of Muslims in various fields in India, including sports and entertainment, highlights this inclusive approach. In contrast to the European approach, often characterized by stringent immigration policies and debates over cultural integration, India's model underscores the importance of embracing diversity. The country’s history of welcoming different faiths and its commitment to constitutional values offer valuable lessons. While Europe currently navigates the complexities of integrating diverse populations, it might find valuable insights in India's approach to religious and cultural plurality. The ongoing acceptance of interfaith marriages in India, despite incidents of religious intolerance, presents a hopeful picture of inclusivity. European nations, facing rising sentiments against immigrants and religious minorities, could benefit from understanding India's approach to diversity. India's example shows that it is possible to maintain a national identity while respecting and integrating a multitude of cultural and religious backgrounds. As Europe addresses its own challenges with diversity, looking towards nations like India, with their rich tapestry of cultures and religions, could provide important lessons in fostering an inclusive society. Giorgia Meloni’s policies and the broader European context could benefit from this perspective, promoting a more harmonious coexistence in an increasingly diverse world.

Islam, Identity, and Secularism

A Scholar's Perspective on Tackling Extremism, Fostering Unity, and Reinterpreting Islam

Muslims complain of Islamophobia, and perhaps rightly so. However, it is equally incumbent upon them to admit that a number of Muslim organizations have been peddling views that can clearly be categorized as extremist and serving as the ideology of militant organizations. These thoughts have unfortunately been taught by Islamic scholars at universities and madrasas. I have addressed this issue in my lectures and writings. Among various other things, I have concluded that secularism, or the state being free of its own religious leanings, should be an integral part of Islamic interpretations. Islam doesn’t address a state; its dialogue is with an individual. This individual denotes all human beings. I strongly believe that Islam emphasizes building the personal character of its believers rather than exhorting them to enter into conflicts with followers of other faiths. I have absolutely no hesitation to accept that extremist Islamist organizations worldwide launched violent extremist movements to promote religious extremism and, thereby, prepared the ground for Islamophobia across the world. Several religious scholars took issue with my views. Maulana Taqi Ahmad Usmani (the most prominent Deobandi scholar of Pakistan) wrote a lengthy essay questioning my views. I countered him by stating that Islam doesn’t make establishing a state its purpose. The deen of Allah (the path of God) sees the bonding of akhuwwat (brotherhood) among human beings as an ultimate aim. Now, let's consider the views or fatwas of Islamic scholars who declare the faith of even their fellow Muslims as unfair based on their own narrow interpretations. This has led to conflicts among Muslims themselves, let alone their relations with non-Muslims. The reactions in the West sometimes respond to such Muslim tendencies that endeavour to chart a separate identity. The reactions in the West sometimes seems to be an over-reaction. For instance, the recent statement of Italian Prime Minister Georgia Meloni that ‘Islam is incompatible with European values’. Muslims haven’t woken up to the concept of the nation-state. Our qaumiyat (identity) is Indian, Pakistani, and so on. Pakistan was established for Muslims, but from the very first day, many Pakistanis see themselves as such, whether they are Muslim, Hindu, or Christian. The same stands true for people living in the West. India is one of the great modern nation-states. It is governed by a secular constitution. In its 75-year independent history, it has strived to be secular state, yet people from all faiths thrive here. People by nature tend to be sensitive about their identities, based on religion, language, or region. For example, people not only cheer for cricket but also for their own cricket team. Sometimes, such identities are exploited by extremists to create societal divides. However, as a nation India has demonstrated to the world that unity in diversity survives such shenanigans. People in India can’t be partitioned into religious, linguistic, and regional groups. Its polity and social life will serve as a role model to the world if they adhere to the core principles of secularism, which form the bedrock of India’s democratic identity.

Triumph of Diversity

A 21-year journey through India's spiritual mosaic and economic evolution showcases the nation's unity in diversity. 

Triumph of Diversity 

In the culturally rich landscapes of India, my encounters often begin with a heart-warming "Satsriakal Sardarji", (literal meaning: God is the ultimate truth), a respectful and warm greeting used by Sikhs. It’s a testament to the long beard I sport, commonly associated with Sikhs. This simple greeting encapsulates the profound respect and acknowledgement of diverse religious practices that is a cornerstone of Indian spirituality.&nbsp; The country is a mosaic of faiths, housing the world's largest Hindu population and a significant Sikh community, alongside the world's second-largest Muslim population, and a substantial Christian demographic. The spiritual tableau is further adorned with followers of Buddhism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism, each contributing to the pluralistic ethos of the nation. My over twenty years in India have offered me a front-row seat to its remarkable journey of growth and modernization. It's been a time of witnessing first-hand the incredible economic strides taken by this aspirational nation. Despite the undeniable challenges, including persistent poverty and rural imagery of cattle on roads, India's growth indices reflect an upward trajectory. The nation's GDP has seen an exponential rise, and its cities are bustling hubs of innovation and development. Perhaps the most striking aspect of India's narrative is the communal harmony that flourishes amidst its staggering diversity. This harmony is not just an ideal but a lived experience, observable in the daily interactions and cultural practices of its people. The Indian culinary landscape is a delicious metaphor for this coexistence.&nbsp; The country's diet is as diverse as its population, with a balance of vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisines. Each region boasts its unique flavors and dishes, and the food streets are a testament to the peaceful culinary cohabitation. This gastronomic diversity has propelled India to become a culinary destination, attracting food enthusiasts worldwide. As a vegetarian by choice, I've navigated this vast culinary scene without the slightest hint of exclusion. In contrast, I've found that dietary choices in India are embraced and accommodated with much more ease than in many Western nations.&nbsp; Cricket, another unifying thread, is less of a sport and more of a collective pulse in India. It's a game that brings together people from all walks of life, transcending religious and regional divides. Players like Mohammed Shami, a Muslim, have not just excelled on the field but have become symbols of national pride, celebrated by the entire country. The Indian film industry, or Bollywood, is another realm where communal harmony is manifest. It's an industry dominated by Muslim superstars like Shah Rukh Khan, Aamir Khan, and Salman Khan, who are adored by a cross-sectional Indian audience, reflecting the secular fabric of the nation. This adulation extends beyond the screen, as these actors are often regarded as cultural icons, influencing and inspiring millions. In the realm of spirituality, the classical texts of India - written by sages and scholars across religious boundaries - advocate a universal message of peace, compassion, and enlightenment. These texts have fostered a deep-seated spiritual awareness and tolerance, contributing to the broader narrative of mutual respect and understanding. These facets of Indian society illustrate a larger truth about the country's essence. India is more than just a geographical entity; it is a symphony of cultures, religions, and languages, living together in a dynamic yet peaceful coexistence. It's a country where diversity is not just tolerated but celebrated.&nbsp; As an Australian who has made India my home for over two decades, I've been a witness to its evolving story, one that continues to inspire and educate those who are fortunate enough to experience it. My myriad roles - from an employment coach to a legal expert - have only deepened my understanding and appreciation of this incredible land, a testament to the enduring spirit of unity and harmony that defines it.

deciphering-europes-multicultural-quandary

India's democratic ethos, deeply rooted in its pluralistic culture, sets a global example in managing diversity. It integrates tradition with modernity, especially in technology, advocating for democratized application. India's approach to diversity and tradition significantly impacts the international stage, as seen in its global cultural contributions and the universal appeal of practices like Yoga. Embracing fair and responsible globalization, India strengthens international relations through its democratic values, promoting a world where diversity is celebrated and integral to global development and cooperation.